Types of Drug Tests
Urine
The urine test is the most popular type of test because it is simple, noninvasive and highly accurate. A component of marijuana called THC can be detected in urine from three to 30 days after they smoked marijuana. Most other drugs can be detected for up to two to four days after use. Anabolic steroids can be detected up to 14 days after use.
It is relatively easy to cheat on a urine test. There have been attempts to dilute the urine with water from the faucet, replace a clean urine sample from another person, or spike the sample with chemicals to produce a false-negative.
The labs combat these problems in the following ways:
- Removing sinks in the bathrooms in the test facility
- Watching or listening to the collection
- Checking the color, temperature, pH, specific gravity and creatinine levels in urine to determine whether it has been diluted.
Hair
Hair tests are less susceptible to tampering than urine tests. The hair provides a record of drug use semi-permanent. The drugs circulate throughout the body attached to the hair as it grows. Therefore, if the drug is ingested recently, found in the hair near the scalp. If the drug is taken in the past, it will be found in the hair has grown.
Typically, drugs can not wash the hair. This is in contrast to drugs in smoke, which stick to hair and can be removed with shampoo.
The hair test has an advantage because it can detect drug use over long periods of time (usually around 90 days). This test is available for home use.
Sweat
To analyze the sweat patch is placed like a band on the upper arm, stomach or lower back and use at least 24 hours to collect sweat. Environmental pollutants cannot penetrate the adhesive barrier from the outside, so the patch can be worn during normal activities including bathing or swimming. To prevent tampering, the adhesive plastic film cannot be reapplied once removed. The result cannot be diluted.
Residual
Residue tests are typically found in home testing kits that allow parents to test their children. The kit comes with a pad that contains drug residue by hitting the pad on the child's belongings. The pad is then sent to the manufacturer for analysis. The major flaw with this test is that it cannot determine whether any drug residue was left by the suspected child or someone else.
Blood
Blood tests are more accurate but are not used routinely in the workplace.
Salivary
The saliva test is used primarily to analyze the alcohol intake, but in the future be used to detect marijuana. Is placed in the mouth with a device called a thermometer and within minutes are the results. It is almost as accurate as blood test. It can be done on site and does not require going to a clinic.
Breath
Exhaling into a hand-held machine analyzes the drinking. Devices are available for home use. There are also disposable devices.
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